8. Existentialism
Existentialism centers on the themes of individual freedom, personal responsibility, and the search for meaning in an often indifferent world. Prominent thinkers such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus argued that we must create our own purpose and live authentically, even in the face of uncertainty. This philosophy has profoundly impacted literature, psychology, and contemporary culture. Existentialism challenges us to embrace our freedom and confront life’s fundamental questions with courage and honesty.