7. The Social Contract
The Social Contract theory, advanced by thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, examines how political authority originates from a collective agreement among individuals. By consenting to certain rules and leaders, people legitimize governments and establish the basis for rights and responsibilities. This concept is foundational to democratic governance and has shaped constitutional law worldwide. The social contract continues to frame discussions about liberty, justice, and the obligations of both citizens and states.