16. Altitude Adaptation in Ethiopia
Ethiopian highlanders present a fascinating case of altitude adaptation that differs from adaptations seen in Tibetans or Andeans. While all three populations live in low-oxygen environments, Ethiopians have developed distinct genetic changes that support efficient oxygen use without dramatically increasing hemoglobin levels. These unique adaptations help prevent the health risks associated with high-altitude living, such as chronic mountain sickness. Their evolution demonstrates that even when facing similar environmental pressures, human populations can develop different genetic solutions. Science Magazine