3. Self-Healing Concrete
Scientists have infused concrete with dormant spores of bacteria like Bacillus pasteurii encased in protective microcapsules. When water penetrates cracks, it revives the microbes, prompting them to precipitate calcium carbonate that seals fissures autonomously.
According to research highlighted by The Guardian, microcrack healing rates exceed 95% within days of water exposure. This self-repair mechanism could drastically extend the service life of roads, buildings, and bridges, cutting repair costs, conserving resources, and reducing carbon emissions associated with concrete production.