12. Alcohol Metabolism
Human populations with centuries of alcohol consumption have developed genetic variants that enhance their ability to safely metabolize alcohol. Enzymes such as ADH and ALDH play crucial roles in breaking down alcohol and reducing harmful byproducts.
Some groups, particularly in East Asia and parts of Europe, show distinctive adaptations that decrease the risk of alcohol toxicity and related health issues. These evolutionary changes are a direct response to cultural practices and environmental exposure, demonstrating how our bodies continue to adapt to lifestyle shifts. BBC Future