14. Enactivism
Enactivism offers a fresh take by proposing that consciousness is not just something happening inside the brain, but emerges through an organism’s active interaction with its environment. Rather than viewing perception as passive and internal, enactivism emphasizes the flow between sensory input, bodily movement, and the world. This approach blurs distinctions between mind, body, and surroundings, and highlights how perception and action are inseparable in shaping conscious experience. Discover more at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.