15. DNA Data Storage
Recent techniques encode binary data into synthetic DNA strands, achieving ultra-high densities.
Researchers convert digital bits to nucleotide sequences, then synthesize oligonucleotides with error-correcting codes. A landmark Nature study embedded a full book, image, and video in DNA, retrieving data with >99.9% accuracy.
This storage medium remains stable for centuries when dried and cold-stored. Companies like Twist Bioscience and Microsoft, partnering with the University of Washington, develop automated write-read pipelines. DNA data storage promises long-term archival solutions with molecular technology.