11. The Robbers Cave Experiment
In 1954, psychologists Muzafer and Carolyn Sherif conducted the Robbers Cave Experiment, studying intergroup conflict by organizing a summer camp where 22 boys were divided into two rival groups. Initially unaware of each other, the groups developed strong identities. Upon introduction, competition led to hostility, including flag burning and cabin raids. The researchers then introduced cooperative tasks requiring joint effort, which significantly reduced tensions, demonstrating how shared goals can mitigate intergroup conflict. (simplypsychology.org)