Dual-Use Research
Certain scientific advancements—such as gain-of-function research—carry inherent ethical dilemmas because they can be used for both beneficial and detrimental purposes. While such studies can improve public health, they also pose risks if misapplied, including the threat of bioterrorism or biological weapons. The challenge lies in maximizing societal benefit while enforcing robust oversight, transparency, and safeguards to prevent misuse.