12. The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)
The Traveling Salesman Problem challenges us to find the shortest possible route that visits a set of cities and returns to the starting point. An efficient, general solution would revolutionize logistics, supply chains, and transportation. However, it could also supercharge military planning and make cyber or physical attacks frighteningly precise. The power to optimize routes instantly would reshape both global commerce and security. Explore the TSP in depth.