One Kind Of Octopus Lights Up Like A Christmas Tree

Bioluminescence is a characteristic of a few marine animals, in which they can light themselves up, seemingly at will. They contain particles called photophores, which emit light, almost like when the lights on a Christmas tree are turned on and off.

The bioluminescent octopus has been seen off the coast of Maine, in the northeastern United States. Scientists believe that by lighting up the underside of its tentacles, it can fool prey so that they swim straight into its mouth. 

Sea Angels Are Predators

Have you ever read the writings from the Greek poet Homer? You are probably familiar with sirens, the mythological creature from which mermaids probably derived. One might expect that sea angels are somewhat similar to mermaids, that is if mermaids are real at all.

But real sea angels may be more akin to the ghastly and terrifying Harry Potter mermaids, as they are predators! They feed on sea snails that live in the cold Antarctic waters. You could say that they are cannibals, as sea angels are a type of sea snail themselves. So they aren’t angels in any sense, but they sure are elegant to look at nonetheless.

Leafy Sea Dragons Are Like Seahorses On Steroids

Seahorses are cool. They are a strange type of fish with a head that looks like it could belong to a horse. The males, rather than the females, are the ones to get pregnant, and they can have brilliant designs that rival many land creatures.

Leafy sea dragons are even cooler. They live off the coast of Australia and are covered with appendages that look like drifting seaweed. This appearance is natural camouflage, as many would-be predators are much less interested in seaweed than they are in a nice, meaty snack.

The Squid Worm Lives Half A Mile Underwater

Fans of SpongeBob may be at least a little bit tempted to call this funny-looking creature a Squidward, but it is a squid worm. Squid worms were only discovered in 2010, during explorations off of Indonesia. They live about 3000 feet underwater.

This worm pretty much rises and falls with the ocean currents that pass through, feeding on algae and plankton. It is usually about 9 centimeters long, though there could be plenty of other specimens that are significantly smaller or larger. They were only recently discovered, so scientists have a lot more to learn about them.

Vampire Squids Are Real

Forget the giant squids that Medieval sailors spun long yarns about centuries ago. The vampire squid, which lives off of Monterrey, California, takes the cake here. Its eyes are terrifying enough – they are red, though they can sometimes appear blue, giving the creature the otherworldly appearance of a vampire.

But even more terrifying is the talon-like appendages on the tentacles, which aren’t sharp but certainly look terrifying. And the skin that envelopes the tentacles resembles a cape that Dracula himself would wear. To make this creature seem a bit less terrifying, it is certainly no giant squid: vampire squids are only about one foot long.

Gulper Eels Look Like Terrifying Sea Monsters

Gulper eels are aptly named – you can see in the picture how big their mouths are relative to the rest of their bodies! Like other eels, they look like underwater snakes, with a long, slender body that allows them to swim freely through the ocean.

What sets these creatures apart is that their massive mouths can swallow prey the size of an adult human. They are about six feet in length, about the size of an adult male, and may have evolved such largemouths to enable them to consume more food during times of scarcity.

The Munnopis Isopod Has Seven Pairs Of Legs

This underwater creature is at least 300 million years old and is in the deep waters of the Southern Ocean. And yet we have to wonder why an underwater bug would need seven sets of legs to get around when it is swimming thousands of feet below the surface of the ocean.

Munnopis isopod may be somewhat related to the land-loving pill bug, something that readers are probably much more familiar with right now. Nevertheless, scientists are stumped with this stranger creature. However, there are many facets of the deep ocean that they don’t know much about yet. That world is straight-up bizarre.

Flamingo Tongue Snails Have Less-Than-Gnarly Shells

The flamingo tongue snail is a marine oddity that lives in the Caribbean, especially off the shores of the Cayman Islands. This sea snail has brilliantly speckled skin and a pretty dull, blasé shell that isn’t worth collecting. The skin covers the shell but can be retracted at will.

Flamingo tongue snails used to thrive in large numbers, but their populations have been dramatically reduced due to human tourism and the effect that humans have had on the environment. To help protect this species, if you visit the Caribbean and come across one, leave it alone.

There Is A Fish Called A Fathead

The blobfish certainly looks like one giant, pale blob, but some scientists prefer to call it by a more colloquial name: the fathead. Fathead was caught off the coast of New Zealand in 2003, and the specimen was kept in a 70% alcohol solution while scientists tried to learn what they could about these strange creatures.

In the time since, the fathead has been popularly voted as the ugliest animal in the world. While these creatures may be endangered, they often turn up in the fishing nets of trawlers in the waters off of New Zealand. Due at least partly to fathead’s ugly appearance, the fisherman sees little reason to throw the fish back into the water.

Crossota Norvegica Jellyfish Has Hundreds Of Tentacles

This elegant jellyfish lives in deep waters in the Arctic Ocean, preferring frigid polar temperatures to the warmer climes that many other jellyfish enjoy. And Crossota Norvegica has an elegance that other kinds of jellyfish would envy – if they had brains that they don’t.

For starters, Crossota Norvegica has between 200 and 300 tentacles, compared to the roughly dozen or so of many other kinds of jellyfish. So suffice it to say that you do not want to touch one! It is also a deep red color with more radial tubes for feeding and digestion than other kinds of jellyfish. 

Vigtorniella Worms Feast On Whale Carcasses

When animals die, there are usually scavengers that eat up the carcass before it rots. On land, vultures perform this very necessary duty. And in the sea, especially in the waters around Japan, there are vigtorniella worms to clean up dead marine animals. Yes, there are many kinds of sea worms, and they are not all that different from their terrestrial relatives.

Vigtorniella worms feast on really, really big marine animals. Like whales. When whales die, these underwater scavengers feast on their carcasses. Vigtorniella worms are also covered in bristles – possibly to aid in sweeping up the messes of dead sea creatures? 

The Kiwa Crab Is The God Of Shellfish

Have you heard of the yeti crab, so-called after the mythological creature that haunts snowy mountains in North America? Well, this is it. Scientists discovered this creature in the deep ocean vents off of Easter Island, 5000 feet underwater.

They named it the kiwa crab after the Polynesian god of shellfish, but it became known as the yeti crab because of its furry claws. The kiwa crab was so unlike any other animal that scientists have found that they designated a new family of species, kiwidae, to classify it.

Some Sea Spiders Are Scarier Than Others

Pycnogonids, or sea spiders, are a diverse group of underwater animals that, like their terrestrial cousins, have eight legs. But they swim, and some can be much bigger than the spiders that you may be used to seeing. Deepwater species of sea spiders can get nearly two feet long!

Like many terrestrial spiders, sea spiders suck the blood of their prey. Unlike terrestrial spiders, the digestive and reproductive systems of sea spiders are outside of their bodies! Male sea spiders carry the eggs and tend to the parenting duties.

The Terrible Claw Lobster Is Aptly Named

The Dinochelus ausubeli lobster, also known as the “terrible claw lobster,” certainly does look like a cross between a dinosaur and a lobster that you do not want to come into contact with ever. But the creature is much less terrifying than its picture might have you believe?

Why? Because it is only about three inches long, and it lives deep underwater. The shallowest depth at which the terrible claw lobster has been found is over 800 feet down, so you probably won’t run into one anytime soon. They are also extremely rare, so if you do find one, make sure you take notice!

The Dumbo Octopus Swims With Its Ears

Do you remember the drug-infused movie Dumbo, which featured a baby elephant with ears that only a mother could love? Meet Dumbo’s underwater cousin, the dumbo octopus. This cephalopod has eight tentacles, just like any ordinary octopus.

What sets the dumbo octopus apart is its ear-like appendages. Just like Dumbo the Elephant used his ears to fly, the dumbo octopus uses its ears to soar through the ocean’s depths. The dumbo octopus lives over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a giant underwater mountain chain that dwarfs the Himalayas.

The Golden Lace Nudibranch Is Like A Snail Without A Shell

On land, we think of slugs as basically snails that do not have a shell. But this underwater anomaly, the golden lace nudibranch, is a type of mollusk that has a shell early in life but then sheds it. So it is basically like the part of a mussel that you eat, but it lives most of its life without the hard armor that the shell of a mussel provides.

So, in other words, nudibranch mollusks are nude. They live in Hawaii at relatively shallow depths, about 30 feet underwater. They are also quite small, maxing out at about five centimeters in length. Despite their small size, they are carnivores that feed on soft organisms, such as sea sponges. 

Arctic Hydromedusa Are Not Like The Mythological Medusa

The mythological Medusa was a beautiful woman who was transformed into a monster with snakes for hair; anyone who looked at Medusa would turn into stone. The story is nice and lends itself to the snake-like tentacles that emerge from the “head” of this would-be jellyfish.

The Arctic Hydromedusa (water medusa) looks a lot like a jellyfish and propels itself through the frigid Arctic waters the way that a regular jellyfish would. What distinguishes this particular creature from a true jellyfish is how they produce their eggs. 

Japanese Spider Crabs Are Enormous Underwater Scavengers

Japanese spider crabs look like a cross between a crab and a spider, or more accurately, an acromantula from the Harry Potter series. They live off the coast of Japan and grow up to be 12 feet long! Imagine swimming on the beach and coming across a spider-like crab of that size.

However, the stalwart Japanese people are not afraid of these undersea monsters. They enjoy eating them as a delicacy. Furthermore, the Japanese spider crab serves an essential purpose in its underwater ecosystem: it is a scavenger that feeds on the bodies of dead marine animals. So it is a living underwater filter that helps keep the ocean clean.

The Hydrothermal Vent Snail Has An Iron Foot

Hydrothermal vents create extreme conditions. Underwater magma chambers heat the water, and the temperatures can reach more than 750 degrees Fahrenheit. Furthermore, the creatures who cannot only live but thrive in these conditions are truly exceptional.

Take the hydrothermal vent snail, a creature that can take iron sulfide from the water and construct a shell of iron. But this creature does not stop there. Its foot – the part that comes out of the shell – is also covered with the same kind of armored plating as its shell.  

The Napoleon Wrasse Is An Underwater Hermaphrodite

According to the Census of Marine Life, “Exceeding two meters in length, the Napoleon Wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) is one of the largest reef fish found in the warm waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans. The intricate blue-green design that decorates the face resembles New Zealand Maori war paint, the root of its alternative name, the Maori Wrasse.

The designs are also unique to each individual, much like fingerprints. A protogynous hermaphrodite, this wrasse can change its sex from female to male.” So this fish is about as long as a grown human male, resembles people from an indigenous tribe from New Zealand preparing for war, and changes from male to female.

The Lizard Island Octopus Has Mastered The Art Of Mimicry

One feature common to octopuses is that they have chromatophores that allow them to blend in with their background. The Lizard Island octopus has chromatophores on steroids because it can blend in with a larger number of backgrounds than many of its relatives. It is one of the few animals that can imitate another animal to evade a predator!

The term Lizard Island octopus derives from this creature’s home turf, or instead home surf, Lizard Island, part of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. The octopus is relatively small compared to some of its relatives, usually only about two feet across. 

Metapseudes Lives In Corral Rubble Off Of Australia

There are more arthropods on the planet than species from any other phyla, so, understandably, there are plenty of arthropods that we do not know much about yet. There are probably several arthropods still waiting to be discovered.

The metapseudes is one of these mysterious arthropods about which we know very little. The sea creature lives off of Western Australia among old coral, much of which has died. It has a strange appearance, and marine biologists don’t know why. They also don’t know what it does.

The Delicate Claw Lobster Is Quite Delicate

When you think of crustaceans, you probably think about creatures with a shell that covers a soft body. Consider crabs, lobsters, and shrimp, to name just a few. Moreover, for those who eat crustaceans, you know that you have to get the meaty flesh out of the shell.

But the poor delicate claw lobster lacks this protective coating. It swims through the water, a forlorn, delicate creature who might be easy prey for anything else swimming. It has a pronounced claw, like other crustaceans, but how much good can that claw do if it is a squishy piece of flesh?

Some Shrimp Live 600 Feet Underwater In Antarctica

Most of the world’s shrimp live in warm waters, in areas like the Gulf of Mexico that borders the southern states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, on to the eastern border of Mexico. However, unexpectedly, scientists have found a shrimp-like creature that lives in one of the coldest environments on the planet.

Lyssianasid amphipod lives 600 feet underwater in the remarkably cold waters off of Antarctica. Scientists have known for quite a while that single-cellular organisms, known as extremophiles, can live in this harsh environment. That a multi-cellular organism would be found there was truly astonishing.

Goblin Sharks Live Up To Their Name

What has a giant nose, razor-sharp teeth, and is very rarely seen by humans? If your answer is a goblin, you are pretty close. The goblin shark, aptly named for its large nose-like feature and ferocious teeth, has been spotted fewer than 50 times since it was first discovered in 1898.

These mysterious sharks are known to grow to at least 15 feet long, though there is no telling what length they max out at least with so few sightings. We do know that they are fierce carnivores that can move their jaws outwards to swallow prey. We’re pretty okay if we never see one of these things in real life.

Frilled Sharks Come With No Frills

Is Shark Week your favorite week of the year? If so, you may know that sharks are some of the oldest creatures in the world. They are terrifying and attack a minimal number of humans each year, usually mistaking them for seals and other prey.

The frilled shark, so named for its, well, frilly structures on its teeth and head is one of the oldest kinds of sharks around. It has changed very little since prehistoric days, so it is a living fossil. Seeing one of these sharks is like getting a glimpse into the ocean’s deep (no pun intended) history.

Sources:

“35 Utterly Weird Sea Animals,” by Dan Shapley. Popular Mechanics. October 1, 2019.

“These Dangerous Sea Creatures Actually Exist,” by Taylor McAdams. Ninja Journalist. September 17, 2019.

“The 10 Weirdest Ocean Creatures – And Where to Find Them,” by Florida Tech Marketing and Communications. Ad Astra. June 6, 2017.