3. Pacific Yew: Cancer-Fighting Tree
Scientists discovered paclitaxel in this evergreen’s bark during the 1960s. This compound battles cancer by preventing cell division through microtubule stabilization. Initially, harvesting posed sustainability problems since extraction required killing trees. Researchers solved this by developing semi-synthetic methods using needles from related yew species. The modified version, docetaxel, offers improved solubility and effectiveness. Both drugs now play crucial roles in treating breast, ovarian, and lung cancers.