Springtails: Tiny Soil Improvers
These minuscule arthropods might go unnoticed, but their work is vital. At just 2mm long, springtails break down organic matter and fungi while improving soil structure. They process 1-2 micrograms of material daily and increase soil porosity by 20%. Their remarkable cold tolerance (surviving temperatures down to -20°C) suggests possible adaptation to Mars’ frigid climate. Plus, they reproduce without mating, allowing populations to grow quickly from just a few individuals.