23. Pigeons
Pigeons, often dubbed “city birds,” have played a vital role in seed dispersal throughout history.
By consuming a variety of seeds and grains, pigeons help spread plant species across wide areas, contributing to plant diversity and ecological balance.
In urban ecosystems, pigeons are adaptable survivors, thriving in environments altered by human activity.
They contribute to urban biodiversity by interacting with other species and facilitating nutrient cycling.
Despite their common presence in cities, pigeons remain important ecological actors, bridging the gap between natural and urban landscapes.