3. Bone Density Loss
Microgravity not only affects muscles but also has a profound impact on bone health. Without gravity’s constant pull, bones begin to lose calcium, resulting in a steady decrease in bone density. Astronauts can lose between 1-2% of their bone mass for every month spent in space, significantly increasing their risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Special diets, supplements, and resistance exercises are used to help mitigate this loss and protect astronaut health during long missions. [Source: NASA]